Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and its amelioration with eugenol in wistar rats

Abstract

This study investigated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and eugenol’s potential ameliorative effects in 40 Wistar rats (20 male, 20 female) randomly assigned to four groups. Group I (control) received distilled water and saline; Group II received eugenol (10 mg/kg, oral, 28 days); Group III received cisplatin (6.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, on day 21); Group IV received both. Groups III and IV exhibited reduced food intake, lethargy, oliguria, diarrhea, and significant (P<0.05) reductions in body weight, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, platelets and total protein, with elevated BUN, creatinine and uric acid. Organ weight changes included decreased liver, spleen, testes/ovaries and thymus, with increased adrenal (males) and kidney (females) weights. Histopathology revealed renal tubular damage, sperm and lymphoid depletion in Groups III and IV. Immunohistochemistry showed increased CYP2E1 expression in Group IV. Eugenol did not attenuate cisplatin-induced clinical, hematological, biochemical, or histopathological changes.