Socio-economic status and depression levels among boys and girls

Abstract

Children’s mental health is a vital aspect of development, with depression emerging as a significant concern in recent years. Socio-economic status (SES), reflected through family income, parental education, and occupation, strongly influences a child’s emotional well-being. This study investigates how SES affects depression among children, with a focus on differences between boys and girls. Findings suggest that children from low-SES backgrounds are more vulnerable to depression due to financial stress, poor living conditions, and limited educational and healthcare resources. In contrast, children from higher SES groups, though advantaged in resources, may experience depression linked to academic pressure, parental expectations, and emotional disconnection within the family. The research compares depression levels across low, middle, and high SES categories, while also highlighting gender-based variations in vulnerability. Statistical analysis using chi-square confirmed that the relationship between SES and depression was significant for both boys and girls at 0.5% level of significance. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted mental health interventions that address both economic disparities and gender-specific emotional needs. Schools, families, and policymakers must work together to build supportive, inclusive and mentally healthy environments for all children regardless of socio-economic background.