Phenology and reproductive behaviour of endangered medicinal plant: Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb.

Abstract

Understanding a species’ phenology and reproductive biology is necessary for the restoration of endangered plant species. Valeriana jatamansi is an endangered plant in IUCN Red Data Book due to excessive deforestation and over exploitation. The study delves into the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies of this medicinally significant species across six distinct sources: JK1, JK2, JK3 (from Jammu and Kashmir), and HP1, HP2, HP3 (from Himachal Pradesh). Valeriana jatamansi Jones is a perennial herb that ranges in height from 14 to 45 cm belonging to the family Valerianaceae and order Dipsacales. Valeriana jatamansi exhibits remontant flowering behavior, re-blooming in spring and autumn. Spring phenophases showed better synchronization and longer duration compared to autumn. Spring flowering initiation occurred between 22 February to 25 with a duration of 53-55 days, while autumn flowering showed greater variation (November 4-8) lasting 42-46 days. The species exhibits a gynomonoecious reproductive system with hermaphrodite flowers. Pollination peaks occurred morning and evening, with Apis mellifera and Musca domestica as primary pollinators. The data produced by the current study may prove helpful and effective in various breeding methods and the preservation of this medicinal plant species.