Pharmacognostic profile of Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler (Rutaceae), a plant used in the management of sickle cell disease in Mali

Abstract

A survey conducted in Bamako, among sickle cell patients revealed that Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides was the plant most commonly used by these patients to manage their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the botanical characteristics, physicochemical parameters, and chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides root harvested in Mali. The botanical characteristics and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods described in the African and European Pharmacopoeias. The chemical constituents were characterized by tube reactions. Microscopic examination showed the presence of suber, sclerotic cells, calcium oxalate prisms, fiber groups containing calcium prisms, punctate xylem and starch grains. Water content was less than 10%. Water extractable substances contents and 70% ethanol extractable substances content were greater than 10%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, sterols, triterpenes, and tannins. These data can be used for quality control of future samples of Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides roots, harvested in Mali.