Design and fabrication of a modified drum smoking kiln for Artisanal fish processors

Abstract

Fish smoking is a widely adopted post-harvest preservation technique in artisanal fishing communities where cold storage facilities are scarce. Traditional smoking methods often using rudimentary mud or metal structures are labor-intensive, fuel-inefficient, and produce inconsistent product quality. This study presents the design and fabrication of a Modified Drum Smoking Kiln, developed in 2017 at the Department of Fisheries Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology (MAUTECH), Yola, aimed at improving efficiency, product quality, and ease of operation for artisanal processors. The kiln integrates dual-fuel capability (charcoal and firewood), enhanced heat and smoke distribution, and modular construction using locally available materials. Core components include dual fish trays, a triple-chimney ventilation system, and a fire hearth for controlled thermal output. Fabrication cost analysis showed a total expenditure of ?9,500, covering a metal drum (?2,000), PVC pipes (?1,000), wire mesh (?1,500), hitches (?300), steel rods (?1,200), transport (?500), paint (?500), and labor (?2,500). Evaluation using Clarias gariepinus showed a 5-6 h smoking time, uniform coloration, 55-60% weight loss, and 20-25% lower fuel use than traditional kilns. The kiln is compact, mobile, cost-effective, user-friendly, and based on proven principles offering a practical solution for small-scale processors.