Effect of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides on growth, yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides on the growth, yield, and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Malwa conditions. Various treatments comprising different combinations of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides were applied. Parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, root length, root diameter, and yield were recorded. The treatment T6 (Humic [email protected]/L + Azotobacter@3g/L) showed the most significant improvement in growth and yield parameters. However, the T0 (Control) observed minimum as compare to other treatments. The study confirms the potential of integrated use of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides to enhance radish production sustainably.