A comprehensive review on nutraceuticals: Therapy support and formulation challenges

Abstract

Nutraceuticals, a blend of “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical,” represent bioactive compounds derived from food sources that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to their potential role in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative conditions. Nutraceuticals include a wide range of products such as dietary supplements, functional foods, herbal extracts, probiotics, and fortified nutrients. Their therapeutic actions are attributed to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective mechanisms that support physiological functions and reduce the risk of disease progression. Growing scientific evidence suggests that nutraceuticals can complement conventional therapies, offering a safe, cost-effective, and preventive approach to healthcare. However, challenges related to standardization, clinical validation, and regulatory frameworks remain significant barriers to their widespread acceptance in modern medicine. Future research focused on clinical efficacy, safety, and molecular mechanisms will further strengthen their role in global healthcare systems.