Determinants of occlusal morphology: A review

Abstract

Occlusal morphology plays a fundamental role in maintaining functional harmony, esthetics, and longevity of the masticatory system. Its determinants are influenced by anatomic, functional, and biomechanical factors that govern tooth form, cusp height, fossae depth, and occlusal contacts. A proper understanding of these determinants is essential for restorative dentistry, orthodontics, and prosthodontics, as they directly affect occlusal stability, mandibular movements, and patient comfort. This review discusses the major determinants of occlusal morphology, their interrelationship, and clinical implications in restorative and prosthodontic practice.