Sustainable utilization of temple flower waste for incense stick production

Abstract

The daily ritual of floral offerings in temples generates a significant quantity of discarded flowers that often end up in landfills or water bodies, contributing to environmental pollution. This research investigates the sustainable conversion of temple floral waste into value-added incense sticks as an eco-friendly waste management solution. Collected flower residues-primarily marigold, rose, and jasmine-were dried, powdered, and blended with natural binders to formulate incense paste. Laboratory analyses assessed key parameters such as moisture content, combustion rate, and fragrance retention to ensure product quality. Socio-economic evaluation highlighted potential income opportunities for local women’s self-help groups through decentralized production units. The process promotes circular economy principles by transforming biodegradable waste into a marketable aromatic product. It reduces the ecological burden of floral waste disposal while fostering rural entrepreneurship. Results indicate that temple waste flowers can be efficiently repurposed without synthetic additives. This approach integrates environmental conservation with livelihood generation. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that sacred floral offerings can complete a sustainable life cycle, moving from spiritual devotion to fragrant utility.