Impact of Jeevamrit and Panchagavya as liquid organic sources on growth, productivity and profitability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

This study explores the impact of organic fertilizers, Panchagavya and Jeevamrit, on chickpea growth, yield, and economic viability through soil and foliar applications. Foliar application of Panchagavya at 4% significantly enhanced plant height, dry matter, and growth rates, attributed to its high nitrogen content (1.28%) and growth-promoting substances. Soil application of Jeevamrit at 500 L ha⁻¹ boosted grain yield by 28.31% (1,328 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yield by 27.14% (1,841 kg ha⁻¹) compared to the control, driven by improved nutrient uptake and microbial activity. Key yield attributes, including pods per plant (33.44) and seed yield per plant (7.77 g), were also enhanced. Economically, Jeevamrit treatments yielded the highest gross returns (₹69,586 ha⁻¹) and net returns (₹42,201 ha⁻¹), achieving a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.55, demonstrating strong cost-effectiveness. These findings, supported by recent research, underscore the potential of Panchagavya and Jeevamrit as sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers, promoting healthier crops and better farm profitability. Future studies should optimize application strategies and assess long-term soil health benefits to further refine their use in diverse agricultural systems.