Biological activities of aqueous extracts of Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv. and Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam.: Evaluation by XTT assay

Abstract

This study evaluates the biological activities of aqueous extracts from the stem bark of Landolphia owariensis and Fagara zanthoxyloides, two medicinal plants traditionally used in Côte d'Ivoire. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites. Antibacterial tests using the XTT assay showed partial inhibition (53.13%) against Staphylococcus aureus at 200 µg/mL, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained resistant, likely due to its complex cell wall. No minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Cytotoxicity assays on HACAT keratinocytes yielded IC?? values of 175 µg/mL for F. zanthoxyloides and 178 µg/mL for L. owariensis, indicating moderate toxicity. Although antibacterial effects are limited, the results support traditional use, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. The presence of bioactive compounds highlights their pharmacological potential, warranting further research to isolate active constituents and elucidate mechanisms of action.