Crop Production Constraints: A Study on Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

This research explores the major constraints affecting crop production and productivity in western Maharashtra, India. Based on a survey of 50 farmers, the findings reveal that ecological, agro-climatic, and economic factors play a significant role in limiting yields and impacting farmer livelihoods. Among ecological issues, scarcity of water was identified as the most pressing challenge, reported by 82% of respondents, followed by declining soil fertility (80%). In terms of agro-climatic challenges, the majority of farmers cited unfavorable weather conditions (96%), disease and pest attacks (92%), and limited access to high-yielding varieties (90%) as serious obstacles. On the economic front, farmers pointed to rising input costs (98%), shortages of essential inputs (96%), and high labor charges (94%) as critical barriers to production. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting climate-resilient farming practices, ensuring reliable access to quality seeds, irrigation facilities, and affordable inputs, and creating an enabling environment for farmers to improve productivity. Farmers themselves suggested that price stability, reduction in input costs, and measures to enhance land productivity would significantly improve their livelihoods. Based on these insights, the study recommends promoting stress-tolerant crop varieties, expanding irrigation infrastructure, and providing farmers with affordable inputs and credit facilities. Furthermore, policymakers should focus on stabilizing crop prices and introducing programs that support soil health and productivity improvements. By addressing these constraints through targeted interventions, farmers in western Maharashtra can achieve better yields, secure sustainable incomes, and contribute to regional food security. This research offers practical guidance for policymakers and stakeholders to strengthen agricultural productivity while enhancing farmer well-being.