Serum neuropeptide Y as a mediator between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease: A review article

Abstract

Psoriasis is a type of inflammatory skin disorder that is immune-mediated and chronic, affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population. Psoriasis, which was previously classified as a dermatological condition, is now acknowledged as a systemic disease with substantial comorbidities, particularly Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). This is due to the fact that the inflammatory and metabolic pathways underlying the condition are shared beyond the skin itself. Researches have referred to the role of neuroendocrines with Neuropeptide Y (NPY) emerging as a key biomolecular link. NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide abundantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is also called neuroimmune biomarker since it regulating vascular tone, stress response, immune modulation, and metabolic processes. Elevated serum NPY levels have been detected in psoriasis and indicate that overexpression of NPY in skin is sufficient to induce skin pathology. From other point NPY increase in various cardiovascular conditions since it contributes to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherogenesis suggesting a shared neuroimmune axis. This review explores the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its cardiovascular complications, details NPY cellular function and synthesizes the current literature that linking NPY with both conditions. We discuss the potential of NPY as a biomarker for systemic disease severity and a target for therapeutic intervention. Understanding the NPY-mediated neuroimmune mechanisms may open new avenues for integrated treatment strategies in patients suffering from both psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases.