Constraints and prescriptive suggestions faced by organic farmers under the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) in Tamil Nadu

Abstract

The Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) offers a cost-effective and community-based organic certification model suitable for smallholder farmers in India. Despite its advantages, the adoption and effectiveness of PGS remain limited due to various challenges. This study was conducted among 120 organic millet farmers in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu to identify the key constraints faced during organic production, certification, and marketing under PGS. Using percentage analysis and Garrett’s ranking technique, the study found that the most pressing constraints included the labour-intensive nature of organic farming, limited market access, high certification costs, and inadequate technical training. Furthermore, issues such as weak distribution systems, regulatory burdens, and low environmental and market orientation also hindered adoption. Based on farmer feedback and expert consultation, the study recommends a prescriptive model to address these challenges. Key suggestions include promoting mechanization, improving digital certification tools, establishing market linkages through FPOs, and providing regular, inclusive training programs. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, extension personnel, and certification bodies to strengthen the PGS framework and enhance its accessibility and effectiveness for small and marginal organic farmers in Tamil Nadu.