Climate Change Impacts on Indian Agriculture

Abstract

Climate change presents a serious threat to Indian agriculture, a vital sector that supports the livelihoods of about half the population and plays a major role in the national economy. This paper compiles recent research and secondary data to examine how increasing temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels impact crop production, water supply, soil health, pest behavior, and the capacity of communities to withstand economic and social challenges. The study looks at different regions in India, such as the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the southern peninsular area, the eastern and northeastern rain-fed regions, and coastal areas, to understand their unique vulnerabilities. It also suggests various ways to adapt, including technological, governance, and environmental strategies. The paper recommends policies that support climate-resilient farming through targeted investment, enhanced governance, and programs that benefit small-scale farmers. It also notes the current limits of available research and suggests where future studies should focus.