Sustainable development and climate resilience in Eastern India: A policy analysis of the West Bengal SAPCC

Abstract

West Bengal faces acute climate vulnerabilities, including rising sea levels, erratic monsoons, and frequent cyclones intensified by socio-economic inequalities and dependence on climate-sensitive sectors. In response, the state launched SAPCC 2.0 (2022-23) to make sure that local climate action is in line with national commitments made under the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study looks at the design, institutional procedures, and sectoral strategies of SAPCC 2.0 in a critical way by using qualitative analysis of secondary data. The results reveal that SAPCC 2.0 is more integrated and open to everyone than the 2012 version. It includes ecosystem-based adaptation, climate budgeting, and sectoral convergence. But it doesn't have clear performance measures, detailed financial information, or integration at the local level, which makes it harder to put into action. Importantly, the paper draws attention to the under-addressed dimensions of social vulnerability, environmental justice, and inclusion. Despite recognizing the importance of community-based approaches, SAPCC 2.0 offers limited engagement with marginalized voices, such as women, indigenous groups, and coastal communities, who are disproportionately affected by climate stressors. By critically analyzing policy documents and secondary literature, the study underscores the need for a more participatory, equitable, and socially responsive framework for climate governance in West Bengal. The study concludes that for SAPCC 2.0 to move beyond technocratic planning and embed a more participatory, inclusive, and justice-oriented approach.