Medication-related renal toxicity and failure: Clinical perspectives

Abstract

One important and frequentlycause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), especially in the patient who are hospitalized and severely ill patient, is drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Because of their crucial function in filtration and excretion, the kidneys are more prone to drug-related harm. The mechanisms of nephrotoxicity, such as immune-mediated interstitial nephritis, hemodynamic changes, and acute tubular necrosis, are thoroughly examined in this study. Direct tubular injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered renal hemodynamics are some of the ways that a variety of pharmacological drugs, such as aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, cisplatin, contrast media, and immunosuppressants, can affect renal function. The article also describes clinical signs, risk factors, and evidence-based management and preventative techniques. To lessen kidney impairment, the focus is on early detection, sensible prescription practices, and therapeutic medication monitoring. Doctors can improve renal outcomes and patient safety by knowing the pathophysiological underpinnings of nephrotoxicity due to those drugs.