Comparison of knowledge, attitude and awareness about human papilloma virus infection and vaccine among adolescent urban and rural secondary school girls: A comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in India. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is the primary cause of cervical cancer, yet awareness and uptake of HPV vaccination among adolescents remain low, especially in rural communities. Objectives: To compare knowledge and awareness, attitudes, willingness, and perceived barriers regarding HPV infection and vaccination among urban and rural secondary school girls in Bengaluru, India. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in August 2024 among 200 secondary school girls (classes 7th-10th), with equal representation from urban and rural areas. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV, attitude toward HPV vaccination, willingness to vaccinate, and perceived barriers. Following a health education session and group discussions, post-intervention assessments were completed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Urban participants demonstrated significantly higher knowledge of HPV and its vaccine (50% good knowledge) compared to rural participants (4% good knowledge; p