Impact of different compositions on preparation of dhoopbatti from temple flower waste

Abstract

This study investigated the utilization of temple flower waste for the production of eco-friendly incense cones (dhoopbatti) by formulating 10 different combinations of binders and additives, including charcoal, jiggat, cow dung, guggul, orange peel, tulsi, and mint powders. The physical properties (test weight, burning duration, and brittleness), fragrance diffusion, and sensory attributes of the formulations were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Treatment T7 (flower waste 40% + charcoal powder 15% + tulsi powder 20% + jiggat powder 25%) outperformed the other treatments, with the lowest test weight (14.5 g), longest burning duration (29.8 min), least brittleness, slowest fragrance diffusion, and highest sensory score. Treatment T4 (flower waste 40% + charcoal powder 15% + orange peel powder 20% + jiggat powder 25%) ranked second, exhibiting similar improvements in durability, burning time, and aroma retention. Conversely, T1 (flower waste 60% + charcoal powder 40%) exhibited the poorest performance, displaying increased brittleness, shorter burning duration, and rapid fragrance loss. These findings suggest that incorporating Tulsi and orange peels into jiggat significantly enhances the quality of the incense cones. This study demonstrates the potential for converting temple flower waste into value-added products, offering a sustainable waste management solution and promoting the production of high-quality incense for aromatic and cultural applications.