DNA fingerprinting of soybean (Glycine max L.) using molecular markers: Advances and Applications

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a globally important oilseed and protein crop. DNA fingerprinting using molecular markers enables accurate varietal identification, genetic diversity analysis, and marker-assisted breeding. This review synthesizes advances in soybean fingerprinting with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches. We highlight marker characteristics, applications, and future directions integrating high-throughput genotyping, GWAS, and genomic selection.