Biochemical mechanisms underlying the insecticidal action of eucalyptus oil on Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

The growing concerns surrounding the environmental and health impacts of synthetic insecticides have led to a renewed interest in natural alternatives. This study investigates the insecticidal action of eucalyptus oil, particularly focusing on its primary component, 1, 8-cineole, and its effects on Drosophila melanogaster. The research aims to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying the insecticidal activity of eucalyptus oil, with a specific focus on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction. The study demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in mortality with higher concentrations of eucalyptus oil (1%, 2%, and 5%), with the highest mortality observed at 5%. The inhibition of AChE activity was significant at all tested concentrations, with the most substantial inhibition observed at 5%, resulting in a disruption of the nervous system and subsequent paralysis. Furthermore, eucalyptus oil exposure significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, particularly at the 5% concentration, indicating a collapse in cellular energy production. These findings highlight the potential of eucalyptus oil as a dual-action insecticide, disrupting both the insect's nervous system and metabolic processes. The results support the use of eucalyptus oil as a safer, environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. By understanding its biochemical targets, this study contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable pest management strategies. Further research is needed to explore its effects on a broader range of insect species and its practical applications in agricultural and public health settings.