Regulating decentralized AI: Blockchain, dark web, and anonymity challenges, an Indian perspective

Abstract

The rapid evolution of decentralized artificial intelligence (AI) systems, combined with blockchain technology and the dark web, presents unprecedented legal and regulatory challenges. In India, where digital governance is still evolving, the intersection of these technologies raises critical concerns about jurisdiction, anonymity, and law enforcement capabilities. This paper examines the legal gaps in regulating AI driven decentralized platforms operating on the dark web, focusing on cybercrime, data privacy, and national security from an Indian perspective. It evaluates existing laws such as the Information Technology Act (2000), the proposed Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023), and international frameworks while suggesting reforms to address AI powered anonymity and blockchain based illicit activities.The rapid advancement of digital technologies has ushered in an era of unprecedented connectivity and innovation, but it has also given rise to complex challenges in cybersecurity, data privacy, and governance. Among these emerging challenges, the intersection of decentralized artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and the dark web presents a particularly formidable threat to legal and regulatory frameworks worldwide.