Pediculus humanus capitis: A multidisciplinary review of infestation, impact, and intervention

Abstract

Head lice infestations represent a notable public health issue, especially among children aged 5 to 13 years. These ectoparasites feed on human blood, causing intense itching and discomfort, which may lead to secondary bacterial infections due to scratching. Beyond physical symptoms, infestations carry significant social stigma, often resulting in embarrassment, isolation, and bullying factors that can negatively affect a child’s mental health and academic performance. Treatment options include over-the-counter and prescription medications, as well as non-chemical methods like wet combing, though multiple applications are often necessary. Effective management requires comprehensive education for parents, teachers, and healthcare providers, emphasizing correct product use, repeated treatments, and routine head checks. Dispelling myths and discontinuing outdated no-nit policies in schools are also crucial. Promoting evidence-based, less disruptive approaches can improve health outcomes and reduce the social burden associated with lice infestations.