Doping in equine and its implications in race horses

Abstract

Doping in horses has become a serious issue in the world of equine sports, raising a doubtful about fairness, animal welfare, and creates impact on the competitions. Over the years, doping methods have changed, starting from basic stimulants and painkillers to more advanced practices like gene doping and designer anabolic steroids. These substances are often used to improve performance or hide pain, which can lead to serious health problems in horses. Categories of drugs frequently employed in equine doping, such as anabolic steroids, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), bronchodilators, and agents that enhance performance. It also explores how some cases of doping happen by accident, such as through contaminated feed or incorrect withdrawal periods. Modern science has improved the way we detect banned substances. Advanced techniques like mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, digital PCR, metabolomics, and the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are now used to examine biological samples such as blood, urine, hair, and even DNA. The Equine Biological Passport (EBP) is another new method that helps in long-term monitoring of horses. Another new technique which helps in long-term equine monitoring is the Equine Biological Passport (EBP). Organizations such as the FEI, IFHA, WADA, and various turf control bodies are among the many national authorities and international regulatory organizations that are highlighted in this article for their roles in developing and implementing doping regulations. To demonstrate the gravity of the problem, a number of real world case studies from various nations have been provided. The overall goal of this assessment is to ensure fair play and the health of the horse by promoting better practices in equine care, drug detection, and international rule enforcement.