Ecological assessment of ground beetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) near protected and semi-aquatic habitats in Alwar district, Rajasthan

Abstract

The present study highlights a notable diversity and distribution of ground beetles (Carabidae) across two ecologically distinct sites in the Alwar district, Rajasthan. The region's varied landscape, comprising semi-arid plains, hills, and water bodies, coupled with a subhumid climatic regime, provides a conducive habitat for carabid beetles. The comparative analysis of Sites A and B located near Sariska tiger reserve and Siliserh lake, respectively revealed a total of 490 specimens spanning 10 subfamilies, 14 genera, and 26 species, underscoring the taxonomic richness of the region. Despite minor variations, both sites exhibited high species richness and diversity, as evidenced by their Simpson's diversity’s Index (Site A: 0.9362; Site B: 0.9284). The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index further emphasised greater species evenness and ecological stability at Site A (2.977), compared to Site B (2.722). These findings suggest that microhabitat variability and proximity to different ecological features influence community structure and composition. The high diversity values across both sites indicate a well-balanced carabid assemblage, reflecting the ecological integrity of these habitats. Such diversity not only contributes to the trophic stability of the ecosystem but also highlights the bioindicator potential of carabids in monitoring environmental changes.