Pharmacological role of ivabradine in cardiovascular disease: A Review

Abstract

Ivabradine is a selective heart rate-reducing agent that inhibits the I(f) current in the sinoatrial node. This review summarizes the pharmacology, therapeutic use, and clinical evidence of ivabradine in cardiovascular disease. Ivabradine has been shown to reduce heart rate without affecting myocardial contractility or blood pressure, making it a valuable treatment option for patients with chronic stable angina and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ivabradine in reducing angina symptoms, improving exercise tolerance, and decreasing hospitalizations for worsening heart failure. While ivabradine has a favorable safety profile, common side effects include visual disturbances, bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation.