An analysis of the extension education system in India: Structure, sub-systems, and emerging challenges

Abstract

This study critically examines the extension education system in India by exploring its institutional structures, sub-systems, ethical considerations, and evolving challenges. Extension education serves as a bridge between agricultural research institutions and rural farming communities, promoting the adoption of improved technologies and practices. Using a system-based perspective and qualitative content analysis, this paper outlines the strengths and deficiencies of the current system. The findings highlight the lack of curriculum standardization, weak ethical frameworks, and institutional fragmentation, which hinder the system's effectiveness. Based on this, recommendations have been offered to improve system integration, professional legitimacy, and the use of ICT in extension services.