Literary study of Raktavaha Strotas Dushti Hetu in Shwitra as Bhrajak Pitta Vikruti with special reference to Vitiligo

Abstract

Shwitra (vitiligo) is a dermatological condition characterized by the loss of natural skin pigmentation, resulting in white patches. According to Acharya Charaka in Vimansthana, Shwitra is classified as a Raktapradoshaj Vikara, indicating that the underlying pathology involves vitiation of the blood and its associated pathways (Raktavaha Srotas). Contributory etiological factors include the intake of oily and hot food or beverages that cause a burning sensation, as well as excessive exposure to heat, fire, or sunlight. These factors lead to the vitiation of Raktavaha Srotas. In line with the sutra by Acharya Charaka, "Nidana Parivarjana is Ardha Chikitsa" (elimination of causative factors is half the treatment), identifying and avoiding these triggers is essential for both the prevention and management of Shwitra. The concept of Ashraya-Ashrayi Bhava explains the natural interdependence between Raktadhatu and Pittadosha, which together maintain skin health and overall immunity. Bhrajak Pitta, a subtype of Pitta responsible for skin function, works synergistically with Raktadhatu to sustain pigmentation and skin vitality. Any imbalance in Bhrajak Pitta and disruption of Raktavaha Srotas are considered significant factors in the pathogenesis of Shwitra.