Comparative effects of aquatic training and high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular endurance and balance in trained badminton players at sea level: A 6-week intervention

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of aquatic training (AT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular endurance and balance performance in trained badminton players over a six-week training period at sea level. The methodology for the study involved a total of 30 male competitive shuttlers (age 18-25) with at least 4 years of training experience, who were randomly assigned to two equal groups: AT (n=15) and HIIT (n=15). Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted using a submaximal VO₂max field test and a balance stability platform test. Both groups underwent four weekly training sessions under their respective protocols. Data were analyzed using mean improvement scores and standard deviations for both outcome measures. The outcome of the study is that HIIT participants showed a significantly higher improvement in cardiovascular endurance (mean increase = 10.25 ± 2.80 ml/kg/min) compared to the aquatic group (5.15 ± 4.24 ml/kg/min). In contrast, improvements in balance were comparable between both groups (AT: 6.54 ± 6.91, HIIT: 6.43 ± 6.95), suggesting similar neuromuscular gains. Thus, it is concluded that HIIT was more effective in enhancing cardiovascular fitness in trained badminton athletes, while both aquatic and HIIT protocols demonstrated equivalent improvements in balance. These findings highlight the potential of aquatic training as a joint-friendly alternative for balance development and injury prevention, and the superior role of HIIT in optimizing endurance performance in court sports.