Evaluation of selected seed spice varieties under rainfed regions of the semi-arid northern Telangana zone

Abstract

A field study was conducted over two consecutive Rabi seasons (2023-24 and 2024-25) at the Horticultural Research Station, Adilabad, Telangana, to evaluate the performance of selected varieties of four important seed spices, Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) under semi-arid agro-climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Significant genotypic differences were observed for growth, phenological traits, reproductive parameters, and seed yield across all seed spice crops. In coriander, ACR-1 recorded the highest pooled seed yield (1827.08 kg/ha), attributed to greater umbels per plant, higher seed number per umbel, and superior 1000-seed weight. In cumin, GC-4 emerged as the best performer with a seed yield of 706.66 kg/ha, showing early flowering, vigorous branching, and bold seeds. Among fenugreek genotypes, AFG-1 was the most productive (1729.99 kg/ha), supported by its enhanced pod number, longer pods, and higher seed weight. In ajwain, AA-93 out- yielded other entries with 1133.33 kg/ha, benefiting from earliness, greater number of umbels, and seed boldness. The superior performance of these varieties was consistent across seasons, indicating strong adaptability and stability under the semi-arid conditions of Telangana. Genotype × environment interaction was evident, highlighting the importance of site-specific varietal selection. The findings suggest that ACR-1 (coriander), GC-4 (cumin), AFG-1 (fenugreek), and AA-93 (ajwain) are promising cultivars for commercial cultivation in semi-arid regions, offering improved productivity and resilience. Adoption of these improved genotypes can enhance income security for farmers and contribute to the sustainable intensification of spice-based cropping systems in Telangana and similar agro-ecological zones.