Use of macroinvertebrates and diatoms to determine water quality in the Actopan River in the locality of Real del Oro, Veracruz

Abstract

The water quality of the Actopan River in the locality of Real del Oro, Veracruz, during the dry season was evaluated by analyzing benthic macroinvertebrates, diatoms and physicochemical parameters. In macroinvertebrates, the most abundant family was Thiaridae with 198 organisms, especially Melanoides. The BMWP index obtained a value of 126 (excellent quality), but the EPT index was low (22.5%), with representation mainly of Leptophlebiidae (77 individuals). As for diatoms, Navicula was the dominant genus (72 organisms), followed by Gomphonema and Melosira. The Pampean index indicated poor quality (2,154). The physicochemical parameters showed elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating a process of eutrophication, although temperature and pH remained within normative limits. In conclusion, the results reflect an ecosystem altered by anthropogenic activities, which highlights the importance of combining physicochemical and biological indicators for a more accurate environmental assessment.