Production of biochar with different crop residues by conventional methods: An alternate solution for crop residue burning

Abstract

Crop residue burning remains a major environmental and agricultural concern across the world contributing to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and loss of soil fertility. One of the sustainable solutions to this problem is conversion of crop residues into biochar, a stable, carbon-rich product that not only prevents residue waste but also enhances soil fertility and long-term carbon sequestration. Biochar acts as a soil conditioner, improving water retention, nutrient availability and microbial activity. While modern biochar production often relies on expensive reactors and controlled pyrolysis units, such technologies are often inaccessible to small-scale farmers. This study explores low-cost, on farm conventional methods—such as Kon-tiki method, Trench and TLUD Methods using locally available crop residues. These simple, equipment-free methods are effective in producing quality biochar and are easily adoptable in rural settings without the need for specialized infrastructure. The findings support on-farm biochar production as a practical and eco-friendly alternative to crop residue burning, promoting both sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.