Emerging neuroprotective roles of Cnidium monnieri: Modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in CNS disorders

Abstract

Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson ex Juss a traditional medicinal herb rich in bioactive coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, is gaining attention for its neurotherapeutic potential. Chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are primarily driven by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dyshomeostasis. This review highlights the compound-specific and multi-target effects of C. monnieri in preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and neuropathic pain. It includes mechanisms like COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, TRPV1 and p-ERK downregulation, and modulation of calcium signaling pathways (e.g., IP3R/SOCE). Moreover, the extract demonstrates promising antidepressant effects by restoring monoaminergic neurotransmission and exerting anti-inflammatory effects in key brain regions. Together, these findings validate traditional uses of C. monnieri and support its modern application as a multi-targeted phytotherapeutic agent for managing CNS disorders.