An assessment of cardiorespiratory function in occupationally exposed petrol pump workers of South Gujarat: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Petrol pump workers are routinely exposed to air pollutants such as petrol fumes, particulate matter, and vehicular emissions. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can negatively affect respiratory health and physical endurance. However, limited research in India, particularly in South Gujarat, has assessed the impact of such occupational exposure on cardiorespiratory function. This study aims to evaluate the respiratory health and physical endurance of petrol pump workers using Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, involving 250 petrol pump workers aged 19-40 years. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 230 participants were included. Convenient sampling was used. Cardiorespiratory function was assessed using PEFR, 2MWT, and SGRQ. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships among these parameters. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and jamovi (version 2.6). Descriptive and correlational statistics were used. Results: Among the 230 participants, 77.83% were male and 22.17% female. A strong positive correlation was found between PEFR and 2MWT performance (r = 0.681), indicating better lung function is linked to higher physical endurance. Work experience showed a strong negative correlation with PEFR (r = -0.700) and a moderate negative correlation with 2MWT (r = -0.488), suggesting a decline in function with increasing years of exposure. Conclusion: The study reveals that longer occupational exposure is associated with reduced lung function and physical capacity. The strong correlation between respiratory health and physical endurance highlights the impact of air pollution on overall fitness. Regular health monitoring and preventive measures are recommended to protect the long-term health of petrol pump workers.