Evaluating the prevalence of asthma in school-aged children in al Muthanna: A community-based survey

Abstract

Background: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory illnesses among children everywhere. Its prevalence can vary widely across geographical areas or populations. There are few epidemiological data on the prevalence of asthma among school-aged children in Al Muthanna province, Iraq, limiting effective public health planning and resource allocation. Objective: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of asthma in school-aged children (6 - 14 years) in Al Muthanna province and to identify risk factors associated with the development and exacerbation of the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 (based on schools' academic schedule), among a population of 2,847 school-aged children attending 45 randomly selected schools in Al Muthanna province. Data collection was through a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire assisted through their parents and guardians. A clinical assessment was conducted by trained medical personnel which included spirometry tests for children with respiratory symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of doctor diagnosed asthma was 8.7% (95% CI: 7.4-10.0%), while current asthma affected 6.2% (95% CI: 5.1-7.3%) of children. More males 9.4% than females 7.9% reported having asthma (p=0.032). Urban residence, family history of asthma, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and indoor allergens were major risk factors. A wheeze in the preceding 12 months was reported by 12.3% of children and exercise-induced symptoms were identified in 5.8% of children. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma among school-aged children in Al Muthanna province is similar to the rates seen throughout the Middle Eastern region, but also warrant timely public health interventions. Taken together the risk factors identified require the widespread use of environmental control measures, with greater awareness by families and healthcare providers.