Optimization of seed rate for enhancing seed yield and recovery of pure live seed in wheat variety Trimbak

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop in India, where optimizing seed rate is critical for enhancing yield, seed quality, and economic returns, particularly under input-sensitive systems. This study was conducted during the Rabi 2022-23 season at VNMKV, Parbhani, to evaluate the impact of varying seed rates (100, 90, 80, 70, and 60 kg/ha) on the growth, seed yield, and seed quality of wheat variety ‘Trimbak’. The experiment, laid out in a randomized block design with four replications, measured emergence, plant population, yield attributes, seed quality parameters, and benefit-cost ratio. Results showed that reducing the seed rate to 90 kg/ha (T2) maintained seed yield (3889 kg/ha), statistically at par with the recommended 100 kg/ha (T1: 3938 kg/ha), while significantly improving tillering, panicle traits, and seedling vigor. Lower seed rates (80-60 kg/ha) led to yield penalties despite slight improvements in seed vigor indices. Germination (94-96%), physical purity (>96%), and pure live seed percentage (90-91%) remained high across treatments. Economic analysis revealed the highest B:C ratio in T1 (1:1.24), closely followed by T2 (1:1.21), making T2 a more input-efficient and cost-effective option for certified seed production.This study concludes that a 10% reduction in seed rate can optimize both yield and seed quality while reducing input costs, offering a practical strategy for sustainable wheat seed production under irrigated conditions in Maharashtra.