Genetic variability and character association in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) under salt affected soil in sandy loam of Sri Ganganagar district in Rajasthan

Abstract

Our research aimed to identify wheat genotypes with superior salt tolerance and to understand the underlying genetic mechanisms. We evaluated 90 diverse wheat germplasm lines, including three checks, under salt-affected soil conditions. Agronomic and morphological traits were assessed to determine their performance and adaptability. The results revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. DBW-17 emerged as the top performer, exhibiting the highest grain yield per plant, followed by HD-2009, DBW-88, DBW-172, DBW-93, and KBRL82-2. A strong positive correlation was observed between grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant, further emphasizing the importance of biomass production for high grain yield. To delve deeper into the genetic architecture of salt tolerance, we conducted a non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. The 93 genotypes were grouped into 10 distinct clusters, revealing distinct genetic patterns. Cluster X exhibited the maximum intra-cluster distance, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity within that group. Conversely, cluster I displayed the minimum intra-cluster distance, suggesting a relatively homogeneous genetic makeup. Heritability estimates were calculated in a broad-sense perspective to assess the genetic control of traits. Days to 50% flowering, test weight, and harvest index exhibited high heritability values (>75%), suggesting a strong genetic influence on these traits. Grain yield per plant demonstrated the highest genetic advance at 5% of the mean, indicating its potential for effective selection. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity and salt tolerance of wheat genotypes. The identified superior genotypes hold promise for developing salt-resistant wheat cultivars. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific genes and molecular mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in these genotypes.