Smart innovations in stored grain protection

Abstract

Stored grain often spoils or gets infested by pests, causing major food and financial losses around the world. This review highlights how modern technologies—such as IoT sensor networks, electronic noses (e-noses), acoustic sensors, and AI tools—actively improve the way we monitor and manage grain storage. It explains how systems use connected environmental sensors to collect real-time data, send automatic alerts, and detect early signs of spoilage or pest activity through smell and sound patterns. The review also covers how deep learning models classify storage conditions and predict risks before they cause damage. New advances like ultralow-power sensors and blockchain-based traceability tools make these systems even more practical and reliable. Together, these technologies create a smart and connected storage setup that helps prevent losses, reduce chemical use, and improve food safety and security on a large scale.