Effect of Biostimulants on horticultural crop aspects, biotic and abiotic stress management

Abstract

Biotic and abiotic stresses have a significant impact on plant growth, development, and quality of production. The effectiveness of biostimulants in mitigating stressful conditions is contingent upon various aspects, including the time of their application and their manner of action Biostimulants are natural or synthetic substances applied to plants, seeds, and soil to enhance nutritional efficiency and improve tolerance to abiotic stress and crop quality traits, regardless of their nutrient content. Beyond basic nourishment, algal extracts, protein hydrolysates, humic substances, microorganisms, and inorganic chemical combinations frequently improve growth and stress tolerance. In this review, we review and summarise the literature on the use of biostimulants on vegetable crops, with an emphasis on their application to counteract the most prevalent environmental stresses.