Artificial intelligence in agriculture: A pathway toward sustainable and smart farming

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming agriculture by introducing intelligent systems that improve productivity, resource management, and sustainability. This journal presents an overview of AI applications in agriculture, focusing on irrigation, crop monitoring, disease detection, fertilization, and automated machinery. Drawing on interdisciplinary studies and real-world developments, the paper highlights the impact of AI in solving challenges such as labor shortages, inefficient input use, and climate variability. Additionally, it discusses the barriers to adoption and the potential of AI to support sustainable development goals. This work contributes a structured, accessible overview suitable for students and general readers with a foundational interest in smart agriculture.