Immunohistochemical and molecular detection of bovine papilloma virus

Abstract

A total of 19 bovine cutaneous papilloma samples were examined to characterize their histopathological features and detect papillomavirus Infection Using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Histologically, all samples exhibited features consistent with viral papilloma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed papillomavirus antigen in 16 of 19 cases, with strong nuclear immunoreactivity. PCR analysis detected BPV-1 DNA in 14 of 19 samples, while BPV-2 DNA was not identified in any case. These findings confirm the predominance of BPV-1 in cutaneous papillomas in cattle and highlight the utility of combined histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular approaches for diagnosis.