Soil pH and plant growth: A detailed review of interactions and management

Abstract

Soil pH is a critical factor in determining soil health, plant growth, and agricultural productivity. It affects the availability of essential nutrients, microbial activity, and overall soil ecosystem dynamics. This review explores the importance of soil pH in plant growth, detailing how it influences nutrient availability, microbial diversity, root function, and plant health. We examine the optimal pH requirements for different crops, as well as the challenges associated with adjusting and managing pH levels. Various methods for testing and adjusting soil pH, including the use of lime, sulphur, and organic amendments, are discussed, alongside best practices for long-term pH management. The review also highlights the impact of soil pH on microbial populations and soil-borne diseases, as well as the risks associated with over-correction and nutrient imbalances. Case studies demonstrate the practical application of soil pH management in agriculture, and future research directions focus on advancements in testing technology, sustainable amendments, and the effects of climate change on soil pH. Overall, understanding and managing soil pH is essential for optimizing soil health, improving crop yields, and fostering sustainable agricultural practices.