Exploring the gut microbiome through next-gen sequencing approach

Abstract

The gastrointestinal microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, made up of hundreds of bacteria, viruses, eukaryotes, and archaea that plays a vital role in maintaining human health. The importance of the gut microbiome in the study of biological microbes has been demonstrated in recent years. The human gut microbiome is considered an essential source of the human bacterial population and has significant contributions to both beneficial and detrimental physiological effects. The study of this intricate community holds the key to the understanding of disease pathogenesis and, thus, for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Technical and methodological variations for microbial extraction and analysis pose various challenges to the study of human microbiome. Microbes and bacteria must be examined in order to identify the causal microorganism. We need new and effective ways to treat diseases. Sequencing can be expanded by using bioinformatics and next-generation sequencing to help analyse vast amounts of sequenced data for bacterial research. However, the scope of bioinformatics identification and analysis has expanded due to breakthroughs in sequencing technology. Next-generation sequencing methods including meta-transcriptomic, 16S rRNA, and metagenomic sequencing have allowed the collection of crucial experimental data about the immune responses generated by the gut microbiota in response to genetic manipulations which appear to be useful in diagnosing illnesses. The biology of microbiome related disease development and treatment is still poorly understood, despite tremendous advancements over the last couple decades. The current study, thus, emphasises on the management of gastrointestinal issues by making use of microbial gene sequencing and information analysis.