Impact of climate change on disease dynamics and integrated disease management strategies

Abstract

Plant disease incidence, severity, and distribution are all changing rapidly as a result of climate change, which is also changing the worldwide agricultural ecosystem. The complex connections between host, pathogen, and environment are being impacted by rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, elevated CO₂ levels, and extreme weather events, making important field crops more vulnerable. These modifications weaken plant immune responses, speed up pathogen life cycles, and increase vector habitats, which leads to the emergence of new diseases and the resurgence of already suppressed ones. Adapting integrated disease management solutions is crucial as traditional disease management techniques become more and more inefficient. This review examines the complex effects of climate change on the dynamics of disease in important crops, including wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize and pulses. The adaptive integrated disease management elements that are highlighted include sophisticated cultural practices, biological methods, resistant varieties chemical control and digital surveillance tools. It is stressed that real-time illness monitoring and precision therapies require the combination of digital innovations and climate-smart technologies. This study promotes proactive policy frameworks and robust, interdisciplinary approaches to protect crop health and guarantee sustainable agricultural productivity in a changing environment.