Pharmacognostic and therapeutic insights into Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn: An extensive review

Abstract

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., commonly known as Night jasmine, is a widely recognized medicinal plant valued across traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. This review explores its pharmacognostical, phytochemical constituents and diverse pharmacological activities. The plant is a rich source of secondary metabolites such as iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenoids contributing to its therapeutic potential. It also highlights antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects validating its role in herbal medicine. Also, the detailed physicochemical evaluations affirm its safety and efficacy, aligning with WHO/AYUSH standards. While existing research support its medicinal applications, further investigations into its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action is essential for the development of novel therapeutic agents.