Rebuilding stability: Clinical and functional outcomes of single-bundle ACL reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring grafts

Abstract

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent among active and athletic individuals, often necessitating surgical intervention for optimal recovery. This study evaluates the clinical and functional outcomes of arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft (semitendinosus and gracilis). Methods: This prospective study included 60 patients aged 20-40 years with ACL tears confirmed by clinical and radiological assessments. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores pre-operatively and at follow-up intervals of 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-surgery. Results: Significant improvements were observed in IKDC scores (from 50.86 pre-operatively to 87.66 at 12 months) and Lysholm scores (from 68 pre-operatively to 96 at 12 months). Complications were minimal, with 5% of patients experiencing issues such as superficial or deep infections and fixed flexion deformities. The quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft provided excellent biomechanical strength, reduced donor site morbidity, and enhanced post-operative outcomes. Conclusion: Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft is a safe and effective technique, offering superior clinical and functional outcomes with minimal complications. These findings support its use as a preferred graft choice for ACL reconstruction in active individuals.