Non-invasive tumour profiling: The expanding role of antibody-enabled pet imaging

Abstract

An advanced molecular imaging method called ImmunoPET uses positron emission tomography (PET) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to visualize solid tumors with high specificity. By attaching radiolabeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens, this technique improves tumor characterization and makes it possible to monitor tumor burden, heterogeneity, and therapeutic response without invasive procedures. Important radiotracers that maximize imaging accuracy and biodistribution include 18F, 64Cu, and 89Zr. Recent developments in antibody engineering, such as bispecific antibodies and nanobody-based tracers, have improved tumor selectivity by fine-tuning imaging kinetics. Applications of immunoPET in oncology include CEA-based imaging for gastrointestinal tumors, PD-L1-directed immuno-PET for lung cancer, and HER2-targeted imaging for breast cancer. By supporting tumor biomarker evaluation, patient stratification, and therapy monitoring, these advancements enable precision oncology. Widespread adoption is still hampered by issues like lengthy circulation times, immunogenicity issues, and expensive production costs. To increase diagnostic accuracy, future studies will concentrate on theranostics integration, antibody fragment optimization, and AI-assisted image analysis. ImmunoPET is positioned to advance oncology care by bridging the gap between precision medicine and molecular diagnostics as a potent tool for tailored cancer treatment.