Role of endocrine disruptors in the manifestation of different metabolic disorders: A review

Abstract

Background: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances that interfere with hormonal signaling, potentially altering metabolic functions. Recent decades have seen a surge in metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, raising concern over environmental triggers, including EDs. Objective: To critically review current scientific literature on the link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the development of metabolic disorders. Methods: A structured review of peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases was conducted. Studies published between 2000-2024 were included, focusing on experimental, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. Results: Strong associations have been found between EDs such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Disruption of estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways was implicated in metabolic dysregulation. Conclusion: Endocrine disruptors contribute significantly to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Future research must focus on long-term human exposure and preventive regulatory policies.