Effect of NPK fertilizer application on growth and yield of dragon fruit in Kerala

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of four fertilizer treatments on the growth, flowering, yield, and fruit quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.). The treatments included three levels of NPK fertilization—T1 (N 337.5 g: P₂O₅ 262.5 g: K₂O 225 g per pole), T2 (N 225 g: P₂O₅ 175 g: K₂O 150 g per pole), T3 (N 112.5 g: P₂O₅ 87.5 g: K₂O 75 g per pole) and a control (T4) with no fertilizer application. Results revealed significant differences among the treatments in all evaluated parameters. T1 and T3 consistently outperformed the other treatments, with T1 excelling in fruit weight, pulp weight, shelf life, and number of flushes, while T3 showed superior flower production, monthly flower and fruit count, and anthocyanin and sugar content. Although T2 promoted early flowering and higher chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, it underperformed in yield and fruit quality. The control treatment (T4) recorded the highest TSS and seed count, likely due to reduced fruit size and moisture content. Sensory evaluation favoured T3 and T4, with T3 offering the best combination of yield and sensory quality. Season 2 outyielded Season 1, likely due to more effective nutrient uptake from timely split fertilizer applications. Overall, T1 is recommended for maximizing yield and postharvest quality, while T3 is suitable for enhancing flowering and fruit biochemical traits.