Optimizing planting geometry and fertilizer levels for enhanced yield and economics of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes in summer

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2019 at the Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Regional Research Centre (RRC), UAS, Dharwad, on black clayey soil to study the effects of planting geometry, variety and fertilizer levels. Treatments included two planting geometries (30 cm × 10 cm and 45 cm × 7.5 cm), two varieties (Shreya and Meha) and three fertilizer levels: F₁ (25:50:0 N:P₂O₅:K₂O + 20 kg S ha⁻¹), F₂ (25:50:20 + 20 kg S ha⁻¹) and F₃ (31.25:62.5:25 + 20 kg S ha⁻¹). Genotype Shreya recorded significantly higher seed yield (691 kg ha⁻¹), haulm yield (2,679 kg ha⁻¹), gross return (₹52,408 ha⁻¹), net return (₹11,342 ha⁻¹) and B:C ratio (1.27) than Meha. Though planting geometry effects were non-significant, 30 cm × 10 cm gave higher yields and returns than 45 cm × 7.5 cm. the treatment F₃ significantly outperformed F₁ and F₂ in yield (22.2% and 25.7% higher) and economics (₹56,350 gross, ₹13,850 net return; B:C ratio 1.33). Interaction effects among factors were non-significant.